A record number of refugee and migrant deaths in the Central Mediterranean over the past three months, including the estimated deaths of 190 children, prompted an urgent appeal from the UNICEF to leaders of the European Union (EU) member states meeting in Malta on Friday.

The refugee and migrant crisis is the focus of Friday’s summit of 28 EU member states in Valletta, Malta.

At least 1,354 migrants and refugees drowned in the period from November 2016 to end of January 2017, with the majority of deaths occurring on the dangerous Central Mediterranean sea route between Libya and Italy where 1,191 people are reported to have perished. This is nearly 13 times the number of fatalities reported on this route over the same period in 2015-2016. With the winter weather still gripping much of Europe, this route and others, including those from Egypt and elsewhere, could become even more treacherous over the coming weeks.

"The growing number of children lost at sea underscores the acute danger of the journey from North Africa to Italy, as well as the pressing need for governments on both sides of the Mediterranean to do more to keep them safe," said UNICEF’s Deputy Executive Director Justin Forsyth. "The decisions taken at Friday’s summit could literally mean the difference between life and death for thousands of children transiting or stranded in Libya. They need urgent action now."

UNICEF called on the EU and its member states to commit to the following actions to protect uprooted children: Prevent the exploitation and trafficking of children.

Adhere fully to the principle of "non-refoulement" as sending children back into harm’s way or returning boats to Libya without a proper plan to protect them would only add to their hardship.

Commit resources to the strengthening of child protection programmes in Libya.

Invest in reception and care centres in Libya; these centres should provide education and health services, and should never be used to detain children based on their migration status.

Invest in credible resettlement and family reunification programmes so that desperate refugees and migrants do not have to turn to smugglers and risk their lives.