Algerian national movement, birth, evolution and maturation

The Algerian National Movement appeared during the French occupation, shortly before the World War I (1914-1918), in an internal context marked by a growing Algerian population, subject more than ever to a status of subordinate and, living in ignorance and abject poverty in their occupied country.
The first steps of the national movement were made on the eve of the 20th century, with the appearance in the colonial institutions dominating a minority of local notables, educated and materially favored over the majority of the population, driven out from their lands and left at the inferior Indigenous Status.
The historians speak of two groups forming the Algerian national movement: the reformists and Independence-seekers. The first group, made up of notables and their educated descendants living especially in cities, demands the introduction of political reforms and are themselves divided into two factions: some want to be assimilated into the French culture and the others led by the Emir Khaled, grandson of the Emir Abdelkader, support the right of peoples to self-determination.
The second group, that of independence-seekers, clearly emerged in 1926 by creating among Algerian and North African workers in France, the North African Star (ENA), which calls, for independence, for the first time.
Emir Khaled is the honorary president, Hadj Ali Abdelkader, a member of the French Communist Party, the founder before Messali Hadj imposed himself as a popular leader.
This trend is driven by the movement encompassing sequentially the ENA, then after being banned by the proponents of colonialism, the Algerian People's Party (PPP), founded in 1937, and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Freedoms (MTLD), established in 1946, all directed mainly by the same Messali.
Alongside this radical trend, other movements, deemed "more moderate" by the historians, come into play, including the Association of Algerian Muslim Scholars, created in 1931 by the Scholars, headed by Abdelhamid Ben Badis, claiming a cultural and religious reformism, and the communist movement represented by the Algerian Communist Party, born in 1936, and the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto (UDMA) of Ferhat Abbas, founded in 1947.