World's most powerful X-ray laser offers glimpse

The world's most powerful X-ray laser opened on Friday in Germany, promising to shed new light onto very small things by letting scientists penetrate the inner workings of atoms, viruses and chemical reactions.

The mega-project generates extremely intense laser flashes, at a mind-boggling rate of 27,000 per second, inside a 3.4-kilometre tunnel below the northern city of Hamburg.

Hailed as one of Europe's most cutting-edge research projects, the European XFEL, hidden 38 metres below corn fields and residential areas, was opened after eight years' construction at a ribbon-cutting ceremony with science and technology ministers from the 11 countries involved. At the heart of the 1.5-billion-euro ($1.7 billion) facility is the ultrafast X-ray laser strobe light, which will allow researchers for the first time to look deep inside matter and take snapshots and "molecular movies".

"We can look deep into the micro-world, the nano-world, the world of atoms and molecules, and study things we didn't previously know, for example what molecules do in a chemical reaction," said Johanna Wanka, Germany's education and research minister.

Teams from around the world will be able to, for instance, map the atomic details of viruses, take 3-D images of the molecular make-up of cells or film chemical reactions as they happen.

The huge laser is "like a camera and a microscope that will make it possible to see more tiny details and processes in the nano-world than ever before," XFEL managing director Robert Feidenhans'l said.
He said that so far, scientists know many chemical and biological processes only by their outcomes - like a football fan reading the score of a match he missed.

"Now you can see the game and you can analyse it ... so next time you can win," Feidenhans'l said. "The game could be a chemical process, a biological process, it could be how you get energy from sunlight. The principle is the same: you want to see the game."

The applications are sweeping - images of biomolecules may help understand and treat illnesses, while a peek inside a building material might explain why it tears or cracks.

The light beams can also be bundled to create extreme pressure and temperatures to study processes like those at the Earth's core.

"There will be very concrete applications, for example to develop custom-made drugs against tumours and viruses ... or to test the purity of materials," said Wanka.

Source: Khaleej Times